| *** tmickelson has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 01:50 | |
| *** tmickelson has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 02:09 | |
| *** tmickelson has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 02:33 | |
| *** tmickelson has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 02:50 | |
| *** tmickelson has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 03:06 | |
| *** tmickelson has quit (None) | 03:13 | |
| fkoikoi | !agenda | 10:06 |
|---|---|---|
| LittleWebster | Warning: There are no items on the agenda! | 10:06 |
| fkoikoi | !add Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) | 10:07 |
| LittleWebster | Success: "Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper)" has been added to the agenda. | 10:07 |
| fkoikoi | !add Procedures to register a business in Liberia | 10:26 |
| LittleWebster | Success: "Procedures to register a business in Liberia" has been added to the agenda. | 10:26 |
| fkoikoi | !agenda | 10:36 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 10:36 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 10:36 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 10:36 |
| jelkner | Good morning fkoikoi, did you enjoy your holiday? | 10:57 |
| jelkner | Good morning dcammue | 11:00 |
| dcammue | Good morning | 11:00 |
| dcammue | Jeff | 11:00 |
| jelkner | Daniel | 11:00 |
| dcammue | How was your night | 11:00 |
| jelkner | LOL | 11:00 |
| dcammue | Yes Jeff | 11:00 |
| jelkner | fine | 11:00 |
| jelkner | Are you in the office, dcammue? | 11:00 |
| jelkner | i only have 10 minutes | 11:01 |
| jelkner | !agenda | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 11:01 |
| jelkner | !add School starts Monday, time to start following along. | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | Success: "School starts Monday, time to start following along." has been added to the agenda. | 11:01 |
| jelkner | !agenda | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 11:01 |
| LittleWebster | School starts Monday, time to start following along. (added by jelkner) | 11:01 |
| jelkner | dcammue, i won't be at the meeting tomorrow | 11:02 |
| jelkner | SECOSOL has an appointment with the bank, and then we have an all day workshop | 11:02 |
| jelkner | But I'll read the log when i get home tomorrow | 11:03 |
| jelkner | dcammue, i am hoping you and svaye can get back to the CIW curriculum | 11:03 |
| fkoikoi | Good Morning Jeff | 11:03 |
| jelkner | Good morning fkoikoi | 11:03 |
| jelkner | i'm still at home and i need to get to work | 11:04 |
| jelkner | so i only have a few minutes | 11:04 |
| jelkner | fkoikoi, anything you need from me before we sign off? | 11:04 |
| fkoikoi | Not really Jeff | 11:04 |
| jelkner | ok, then i'll read the logs from the meeting tomorrow, and see you Monday at 11 am! | 11:05 |
| jelkner | have a great weekend! | 11:05 |
| fkoikoi | you too | 11:05 |
| jelkner | ACTION signs off to go to work | 11:05 |
| *** jelkner has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 11:05 | |
| *** dcammue has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 11:08 | |
| *** dcammue_ has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 11:12 | |
| scooper | !agenda | 11:54 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:54 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:54 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 11:54 |
| LittleWebster | School starts Monday, time to start following along. (added by jelkner) | 11:54 |
| scooper | !agenda | 11:55 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:55 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:55 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 11:55 |
| LittleWebster | School starts Monday, time to start following along. (added by jelkner) | 11:55 |
| *** tboimah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 12:49 | |
| tboimah | Good mornong ubuntourist | 13:01 |
| ubuntourist | Hi tboimah | 13:01 |
| ubuntourist | tboimah, are we waiting for mulbah? | 13:02 |
| tboimah | I think so | 13:02 |
| ubuntourist | OK, we'll wait a few minutes before doing anything too deep. | 13:02 |
| tboimah | sure | 13:02 |
| ubuntourist | Do you have questions or other stuff to share? | 13:03 |
| ubuntourist | (In my life, last year I started transcribing music from paper to computer, but then I stopped for several months. Recently, I have resumed that. But it is slow work. | 13:06 |
| ubuntourist | Still, though, I am pleased with the results so far. If you know people who are serious about music, you can share the web page with them: | 13:07 |
| ubuntourist | https://ubuntourist.codeberg.page/DMC_Songbook/ | 13:08 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 13:08 |
| ubuntourist | I'm learning a lot about music and a music typesetting software called LilyPond by working on it.) | 13:09 |
| ubuntourist | What's new with you? | 13:09 |
| tboimah_ | nothing | 13:10 |
| *** tboimah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 13:11 | |
| ubuntourist | So, how far are you in the Linux Command Line book, and do you feel comfortable with the information? | 13:11 |
| ubuntourist | Which chapters have you finished reading? | 13:11 |
| tboimah_ | I was reading on chapters 10 to understand ps command Good. yeah i feel comfortable reading the book | 13:13 |
| tboimah_ | i will be moving to chapter 11 today | 13:13 |
| ubuntourist | OK... Part 2 of the book is chapter 11, 12 and 13. I will skip Chapter 12: If you or Mulbah have any questions about the vi editor (chapter 12), ask Jeff. | 13:15 |
| tboimah_ | But there is also something i want understand in chapter 9 it is the unmask and the chown command | 13:15 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 13:16 |
| ubuntourist | Oooo. I have forgotten about unmask !!! What's your question, and I will try to quickly review unmask. (I haven't used it in a very long time.) | 13:17 |
| tboimah_ | I really want to know when and how to used it | 13:18 |
| tboimah_ | in the terminal | 13:18 |
| ubuntourist | Oops. I've really forgotten: When you typed "unmask" I thought "Is that right?" but then I ignored my instinct. I should not ignore my instinct: | 13:18 |
| ubuntourist | It is "umask" without an "n" -- not "unmask". | 13:19 |
| ubuntourist | crank up tmate while I try to do a quick reading on the command. | 13:19 |
| tboimah_ | ssh RUZ5nspXGek7Hpwe4gSSAgm98@lon1.tmate.io | 13:20 |
| ubuntourist | So.... | 13:21 |
| ubuntourist | First, "man umask" | 13:22 |
| ubuntourist | We should probably permanently set the PAGER to most, so that it's prettier, but we can do that again later. | 13:23 |
| ubuntourist | OK. The reason I don't use umask is because the default permission settings are "good enough" for me. | 13:24 |
| ubuntourist | We need to go back to that whole binary and octal stuff we talked about to understand umask. | 13:24 |
| ubuntourist | But first, why use it? What does it do? | 13:25 |
| ubuntourist | When a user or an application creates a new file or a directory, the operating system | 13:25 |
| ubuntourist | automatically sets permissions. | 13:26 |
| ubuntourist | type "q" to quit. | 13:26 |
| ubuntourist | There is a command for creating an empty file, or for adjusting the modification date for a file. | 13:27 |
| ubuntourist | the command is "touch". So, type "touch" followed by the name of a file that does not exist. Any simple file name after the word "touch" is fine. | 13:27 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 13:28 |
| ubuntourist | We can see that the file "thomas" has a size of zero: It's an empty file. But we can also see | 13:29 |
| ubuntourist | the permissions. The default permissions that the operating system has given are "-rw-rw-r--" | 13:29 |
| ubuntourist | So, you, the owner (user) get read and write permissions. Members of the group "tboimah" also get those permissions. | 13:30 |
| ubuntourist | All users MUST be a member of some group. By default, users are placed in a group that has the same name as the user. | 13:31 |
| ubuntourist | So the user "tboimah" is a member of a group named "tboimah". But that group only has one member. | 13:32 |
| ubuntourist | It's a little bit silly, but that's the way Unix and Linux evolved. | 13:33 |
| ubuntourist | The third permission -- for everyone else ("other") is read-only. If a user is not tboimah or a member of the group tboimah | 13:34 |
| ubuntourist | then they cannot change the contents of the file or delete it. But they can view the contents. | 13:34 |
| ubuntourist | But, as we mentioned before, if you were working on the server and you wanted to have a file that mulbah could write | 13:36 |
| ubuntourist | to, you have two options: | 13:36 |
| ubuntourist | 1. You could give everyone permission to write to the file. This is probably a BAD option, because it would give permission to too many people. | 13:37 |
| *** fkoikoi has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 13:37 | |
| ubuntourist | 2. You could create a new group, make tboimah and mulbah a member of the group, and then change the ownership of the file | 13:38 |
| *** scooper has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 13:38 | |
| *** fkoikoi_ has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 13:38 | |
| ubuntourist | so that it is "owned by" the user tboimah (as it is now) and the new group. This is the better choice. | 13:38 |
| ubuntourist | let's "rm thomas" and do the work on the server, because there are already lots of users on the server. | 13:39 |
| tboimah_ | should i ssh into the server | 13:40 |
| ubuntourist | first get rid of the emtpy file then ssh to the server. | 13:40 |
| ubuntourist | I am going to also ssh into the server. (I want to be logged in as a different person. | 13:41 |
| ubuntourist | Type "w" | 13:41 |
| ubuntourist | (and enter) | 13:42 |
| ubuntourist | Now type it again. | 13:44 |
| ubuntourist | If it's dropping you every 30 seconds again, this isn't going to work... | 13:45 |
| ubuntourist | You can see the difference between the first "w" and the second: It lists who is logged in. | 13:45 |
| ubuntourist | "touch thomas" again. | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | So again, we can see that it's empty, and, on this system the default umask is different: the group does NOT have | 13:47 |
| ubuntourist | permission to write. | 13:47 |
| ubuntourist | On your computer we saw "-rw-rw-r--". Here we see "-rw-r--r--". | 13:48 |
| tboimah | sure | 13:48 |
| ubuntourist | So, first, let's make a new group. We will want to get rid of this group later... | 13:48 |
| *** tboimah_ has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 13:49 | |
| ubuntourist | Give me 30 seconds to review the correct way to make a group. (I do it the wrong way because I'm lazy.) | 13:49 |
| tboimah | okay | 13:49 |
| ubuntourist | sudo addgroup dummy | 13:51 |
| tboimah | done | 13:53 |
| ubuntourist | enter | 13:53 |
| tboimah | done | 13:54 |
| ubuntourist | sudo adduser tboimah dummy | 13:54 |
| ubuntourist | sudo adduser kjcole dummy | 13:55 |
| tboimah | done | 13:55 |
| ubuntourist | OK. you've just created a new group -- a "dummy" group -- like in automobile crash testing, we have a "crash test dummy" | 13:56 |
| ubuntourist | You have added yourself, and me to that group. | 13:56 |
| ubuntourist | You can see the effect with: | 13:57 |
| ubuntourist | most /etc/group | 13:57 |
| ubuntourist | an scroll to the bottom. | 13:57 |
| tboimah | okay i can see it | 13:58 |
| ubuntourist | So, you can see that last line. It tells us there is a group named "dummy" with a numeric group ID "1010" and it has two members. | 13:58 |
| ubuntourist | q to quit | 13:58 |
| ubuntourist | chown tboimah:dummy thomas | 13:59 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 13:59 |
| ubuntourist | Oops.... | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | sudo chown tboimah:dummy thomas | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | ls | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | OK. You can see that the group is now "dummy" | 14:01 |
| tboimah | sure | 14:01 |
| ubuntourist | That means the middle permissions ("r--") will be given to anyone who is a member of the group "dummy". | 14:02 |
| ubuntourist | So, let's give me write permissions. You should already know two ways with chmod -- one way with letters, and one way with numbers. | 14:02 |
| ubuntourist | We ONLY want to change the GROUP permission to add WRITE. No other permission changes. | 14:03 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:04 |
| ubuntourist | So, you have now granted permission for me to write to the file. | 14:04 |
| ubuntourist | Now we'll talk a little about "umask" | 14:05 |
| ubuntourist | Actually, before we do that, we'll set up a more practical example. | 14:05 |
| ubuntourist | lets get rid of the empty file. We're going to make an empty directory instead. | 14:06 |
| ubuntourist | mkdir thomas | 14:06 |
| ubuntourist | Fast you. ;-) | 14:07 |
| ubuntourist | chmod 775 thomas | 14:07 |
| ubuntourist | (Directories are a bit odd: The "x" for directories does not mean "eXecute". I forget why, but if you want to give someone | 14:08 |
| ubuntourist | permission to write to a directory, you need both the w permission and the x permission. The book probably explains that. | 14:08 |
| ubuntourist | Now, without any spaces or enter, type "Ctrl-Rchown" (type Ctrl-R and when it says "reverse search" type chown) THEN type enter. | 14:09 |
| ubuntourist | Enter | 14:10 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:10 |
| ubuntourist | OK, now there is a directory that I can write to. | 14:10 |
| ubuntourist | cd thomas | 14:10 |
| ubuntourist | Put some text in the file and save it. | 14:11 |
| tboimah | done | 14:12 |
| ubuntourist | Nope. You have not saved it. | 14:13 |
| ubuntourist | ACTION is waiting... | 14:14 |
| ubuntourist | Damn. Server dropped. | 14:15 |
| ubuntourist | (You should really add back the .ssh/conffig to save typiing out the long ssh command...) | 14:16 |
| ubuntourist | Any file name. Don't think too hard. | 14:16 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:17 |
| ubuntourist | OK. | 14:17 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:17 |
| ubuntourist | Now, finally a umask example. umask is kind of "backwards" from "chmod" | 14:18 |
| ubuntourist | When not working with computers, sometimes people use the word "mask" to mean "filter". | 14:19 |
| ubuntourist | One example is photography: When you "mask" something, you are preventing the light from passing through unless there is a hole | 14:20 |
| ubuntourist | in the mask where you want light to get through. | 14:20 |
| *** tboimah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 14:20 | |
| ubuntourist | In computers, threre is a concept called a "logical bit mask" (Usually, I see "bitmask" all one word.) | 14:21 |
| ubuntourist | umask is a way of creating a logical bitmask that affects permissions. | 14:22 |
| tboimah_ | I am following | 14:22 |
| ubuntourist | (I saw your other username drop.) | 14:23 |
| ubuntourist | The idea of a bitmask here is to turn OFF bits instead of turning ON bits. (Each binary 1 or 0 is a "binary digit" commonly called a "bit") | 14:24 |
| ubuntourist | So. Imagine that you had all permissions turned on for a file: | 14:24 |
| ubuntourist | rwxrwxrwx or, in binary: | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | 111111111 or in octal: | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | 777 | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | Following? | 14:25 |
| tboimah_ | yeah | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | umask turns OFF bits wherever there is a 1 and turns on bits wherever there is a 0. | 14:26 |
| ubuntourist | If you type: | 14:26 |
| ubuntourist | umask 000 | 14:26 |
| ubuntourist | it means that any new file you create will have the permissions set to 777. | 14:27 |
| ubuntourist | Try it. "umask 000" (enter) and then "touch showme" aand then "ls -l" | 14:27 |
| ubuntourist | umask won't change any file that already exists. It only affects new files. | 14:28 |
| ubuntourist | touch is spelled wrong. | 14:28 |
| ubuntourist | When you typed 111 it meant: | 14:29 |
| ubuntourist | rwxrwxrwx masked with: | 14:29 |
| ubuntourist | 001001001 | 14:30 |
| ubuntourist | rw-rw-rw- | 14:30 |
| ubuntourist | The 111 octal = 001 001 001 binary and it turned off the "x" because umask starts with the assumption of 777 and turns stuff OFF. | 14:31 |
| ubuntourist | you're misunderstanding. | 14:31 |
| ubuntourist | umask does not affect single files. It sets the default behavior for future files. | 14:32 |
| tboimah_ | Ahhh okay | 14:32 |
| ubuntourist | Any file that you create until you logout will now have the permissions "rw-rw-rw-" because you have told the system | 14:32 |
| ubuntourist | that you do not want the default behavior that it had before wihc was "rw-r--r--" | 14:33 |
| ubuntourist | The server has been set up to use a umask 133 for everyone, unless they explicitly change it the way you did when you typed "umask 111". | 14:34 |
| ubuntourist | rwxrwxrwx with a umask of 133 = | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | 001011011 = | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | rw-r--r-- | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | The 1's turned off x for the user, wx for the group and wx for others. | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | The reason we created a directory named thomas is because we're going to do one last trick here... | 14:36 |
| ubuntourist | Hold on while I get the exact syntax of the command we're about to try... | 14:37 |
| ubuntourist | cd .. | 14:38 |
| ubuntourist | chmod 2775 thomas | 14:38 |
| ubuntourist | See the "s" in the permissions? | 14:39 |
| tboimah_ | yeah, but what dose it mean | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | Well, we're about to find out: | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | cd thomas | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | touch newfile | 14:40 |
| ubuntourist | (don't worry about the spelling of the filename) | 14:40 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:40 |
| ubuntourist | What do you notice? | 14:40 |
| tboimah_ | i notice that the Group name change from tboimah to dummy | 14:41 |
| ubuntourist | Right! | 14:41 |
| ubuntourist | The old directory permissions for "thomas" were already "775" (rwxrwxr-x). But using the "chmod 2775" added a "set group" | 14:42 |
| ubuntourist | permission. | 14:43 |
| ubuntourist | That's the "s" in "rwxrwsr-x" | 14:43 |
| ubuntourist | It means that any file created in the directory thomas will inherit the group ownership of the directory. | 14:44 |
| ubuntourist | So, if the directory "thomas" is owned by the group "dummy", then any new files created in thomas will also be in the group "dummy". | 14:44 |
| ubuntourist | (Again this only affects NEW files. The old files retain their original group until you explicitly change those with "sudo chown". | 14:45 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 14:45 |
| ubuntourist | So now, with ownership, inheritance and umask, you can have directories where ALL new files are automatically shared with a group. | 14:47 |
| ubuntourist | (Maybe we should have named the directory "shared" instead of "thomas") | 14:47 |
| tboimah_ | yeah so that i can shared it with mulbah | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | The idea is to save you time: By using the "chmod 2775" and "umask 113" you can create lots of files, | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | and I will always be able to write to files in the "thomas" directory, | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | Let's go ahead and change the name. | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | cd .. | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | mv thomas shared | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | Later, maybe we'll change the group name from "dummy" to "shared". Origiinally, I was thinking we | 14:50 |
| ubuntourist | would delete the group, and the directory. It's not a great idea to be creating groups on servers as part of an experiment. | 14:51 |
| tboimah_ | sure | 14:51 |
| ubuntourist | If you need a group it's important to know how to create them and use them. But you do not want to clutter up | 14:52 |
| ubuntourist | a server that is shared by lots of people. | 14:52 |
| ubuntourist | However, for now, it's okay, With a name like "dummy" for the group, it will be obvious to all of the systems administrators | 14:52 |
| ubuntourist | that this group is not intended to be a real, important group. | 14:53 |
| ubuntourist | (What you do in your own directory doesn't matter -- as long as you keep track of it. It is not very professional of me, but | 14:53 |
| ubuntourist | when I am frustrated with a problem, I often use vulgar cursing file names. But those are in MY directory. The group names | 14:54 |
| ubuntourist | are "public property" and I would not be vulgar there. | 14:54 |
| ubuntourist | So, for you, file names like "do_something" or "thomas" or "shared" are all fine. The only person who needs to know what they mean is you. | 14:55 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 14:56 |
| ubuntourist | IMPORTANT: Before we go today: When you used "chmod 2775 shared" (well, "chmod 2775 thomas" really) that is permanent. | 14:57 |
| ubuntourist | It will stay that way until you use a different "chmod". BUT "umask ..." is TEMPORARY!!! | 14:57 |
| ubuntourist | the next time you login, umask will be back to its original value 133 | 14:58 |
| ubuntourist | If you want to make a permanent change to umask, you do that by editing a file that gets run every time you login. | 14:59 |
| ubuntourist | And that is where the book is headed in chapters 11 and 13... | 15:00 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 15:00 |
| ubuntourist | Share w/ mulbah and see you on Monday. Maybe re-read the section of the book that talks about umask. | 15:01 |
| ubuntourist | Bye! | 15:01 |
| tboimah_ | Mr Cole thanks for today | 15:01 |
| tboimah_ | i appreciate | 15:01 |
| tboimah_ | and have a nice day | 15:02 |
| *** ubuntourist has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 15:02 | |
| *** tboimah_ has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 15:02 | |
| sysadmin_ | !agenda | 16:29 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 16:29 |
| LittleWebster | Update about the discussion with the sup (by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 16:29 |
| LittleWebster | Procedures to register a business in Liberia (added by fkoikoi) | 16:29 |
| LittleWebster | School starts Monday, time to start following along. (added by jelkner) | 16:29 |
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| *** shmohamu_ has quit (Read error: Connection reset by peer) | 20:26 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 20:32 | |
| *** shmoham__ has quit (Remote host closed the connection) | 20:35 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Remote host closed the connection) | 20:38 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 21:14 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 21:40 | |
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