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| jelkner | Good morning scooper and tboimah | 10:47 |
|---|---|---|
| tboimah | How are you doing Jeff | 10:47 |
| tboimah | scooper when out for something | 10:47 |
| jelkner | who else is there? | 10:47 |
| tboimah | only me and scooper is here | 10:47 |
| tboimah | for now | 10:48 |
| jelkner | got you | 10:48 |
| jelkner | i'm on vacation for a few days | 10:48 |
| jelkner | i'll be at the meeting tomorrow | 10:48 |
| tboimah | Okay | 10:48 |
| jelkner | but then i'm going to a family gathering for 4 days | 10:48 |
| jelkner | do you know when scooper will be back? | 10:49 |
| tboimah | He will soon be back | 10:50 |
| jelkner | ok, i'll wait | 10:50 |
| jelkner | i just want to check to see if he needs anything this morning | 10:50 |
| tboimah | Jeff can you help me set my novaweb email i having some problem with my password | 10:50 |
| jelkner | i did that for daniel yesterday | 10:51 |
| jelkner | i can reset it, but i want to request that you think about a good system | 10:51 |
| jelkner | for guarding your passwords | 10:52 |
| jelkner | you will have *lots* of passwords in the 21st century! | 10:52 |
| tboimah | okay | 10:52 |
| jelkner | i use a program called keepassxc | 10:52 |
| jelkner | then i only have 1 password i need to remember - the password to keepass | 10:53 |
| jelkner | if i forget that, i'm in trouble! | 10:53 |
| jelkner | but all the others (and i have hundreds) | 10:53 |
| jelkner | are kept in there | 10:53 |
| jelkner | in a database | 10:53 |
| tboimah | that sound Great! | 10:53 |
| scooper | Good morning Jeff | 10:55 |
| jelkner | Good morning scooper | 10:55 |
| jelkner | Do you need anything from me this morning? | 10:56 |
| jelkner | scooper, is fkoikoi coming in? | 10:56 |
| jelkner | She tried to call me on Signal yesterday | 10:56 |
| scooper | Jeff after my final exam I will start to engage you again with python question | 10:56 |
| jelkner | +1 | 10:56 |
| jelkner | when is your final exam? | 10:57 |
| scooper | it start yesterday and will end on sunday | 10:57 |
| scooper | but I intent of doing my test Saturday evening | 10:57 |
| scooper | So I m reviewing for it these few days | 10:58 |
| jelkner | you should be studying then! | 10:58 |
| jelkner | i'll see you at the meeting 9 am tomorrow | 10:58 |
| jelkner | but Freena can chair, yes? | 10:58 |
| scooper | !agenda | 10:58 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 10:58 |
| LittleWebster | Updates from each group on what they have been doing for the past weeks(5minutes each) (added by fkoikoi) | 10:58 |
| LittleWebster | Financial Report(done by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 10:58 |
| LittleWebster | Updates on the task the was given by Jeff before the break (done by Freena Koikoi) (added by fkoikoi) | 10:58 |
| scooper | Jeff | 10:58 |
| jelkner | looks good | 10:58 |
| scooper | now is Shnund | 10:58 |
| scooper | how is Shnud | 10:59 |
| jelkner | he is very busy with his new job | 10:59 |
| scooper | Shmund, he told me about before | 10:59 |
| scooper | but promise to stick around with us... | 11:00 |
| jelkner | i only saw him once, when he came for dinner | 11:00 |
| jelkner | yeah, let's see about that | 11:00 |
| scooper | I mail him but no respond yet | 11:00 |
| jelkner | he may be too busy | 11:00 |
| scooper | I will email him again today | 11:00 |
| jelkner | ok, but if he doesn't respond, just leave it and move on | 11:00 |
| scooper | +1 | 11:01 |
| jelkner | volunteers volunteer when they can | 11:01 |
| jelkner | they will come, and they will go | 11:01 |
| jelkner | and sometimes they will come back | 11:01 |
| scooper | Got you.... | 11:01 |
| jelkner | it's great when they are here | 11:01 |
| jelkner | but we need plans that do not depend on them | 11:01 |
| scooper | Have you heard from Jallah since than??? | 11:01 |
| jelkner | tboimah, i forget if we had a conversation about that | 11:02 |
| jelkner | scooper, no, i haven't | 11:02 |
| jelkner | heard from jallah i mean | 11:03 |
| jelkner | tboimah, we have too many nova web admins already | 11:03 |
| jelkner | antonio and toby (tmickelson) will be taking care of that | 11:03 |
| jelkner | so if you need an email password changed, we can ask tmickelson | 11:04 |
| jelkner | but hopefully that will not happen too often! | 11:04 |
| tboimah | okay | 11:04 |
| jelkner | tboimah, can you get into your email now? | 11:04 |
| jelkner | did you write down the new password i sent? | 11:05 |
| jelkner | my apologies for the confusion | 11:05 |
| jelkner | tboimah, please confirm you can access your email | 11:06 |
| jelkner | and then i need to go | 11:06 |
| tboimah | +1 I can | 11:06 |
| jelkner | thanks! | 11:06 |
| jelkner | i will see you tomorrow at 1 pm your time | 11:06 |
| tboimah | But Jeff can I ask You a question | 11:06 |
| jelkner | sure | 11:07 |
| jelkner | please ask, tboimah | 11:07 |
| tboimah | If an intern in Liberia here have a problem with there email will they wait untill you contact toby or antonio | 11:08 |
| jelkner | +1 | 11:08 |
| tboimah | okay | 11:08 |
| jelkner | once we get MCSS email moved to an MCSS server | 11:09 |
| jelkner | and we have an admin there who can manage it for awhile | 11:09 |
| jelkner | since it requires a bit of postgres database knowledge to do that | 11:09 |
| tboimah | okay will understood | 11:10 |
| jelkner | we should discuss at that point setting up email for Jetro Web Development | 11:10 |
| jelkner | which of course would be administered by you | 11:11 |
| jelkner | for now, tboimah, we need you to keep improving your skills | 11:11 |
| jelkner | also, keep practicing your keyboarding | 11:11 |
| jelkner | so you can type faster | 11:11 |
| tboimah | okay | 11:11 |
| jelkner | we are making good progress | 11:11 |
| jelkner | but we have a lot to do! | 11:12 |
| tboimah | sure | 11:12 |
| jelkner | ok, see you at our meeting tomorrow | 11:12 |
| tboimah | okay have a nice day | 11:12 |
| jelkner | you too, tboimah | 11:12 |
| jelkner | fkoikoi, good morning | 11:13 |
| fkoikoi | good morning Jeff | 11:13 |
| jelkner | i saw you tried to call on Signal | 11:13 |
| jelkner | i heard you for a brief second | 11:13 |
| fkoikoi | yes | 11:13 |
| jelkner | but then the connect cut off | 11:13 |
| jelkner | VOIP (voice over IP) | 11:13 |
| fkoikoi | my network was bad | 11:13 |
| jelkner | uses a lot more bandwidth then text | 11:13 |
| jelkner | much, much, *much* more! | 11:13 |
| jelkner | that's why i have encouraged us to rely on irc | 11:14 |
| fkoikoi | sure | 11:14 |
| jelkner | it uses so little bandwidth, we can depend on it | 11:14 |
| jelkner | some future day we will have a better connection | 11:15 |
| jelkner | and voice (and even video) will become possible | 11:15 |
| jelkner | but it is good for now to have reliability like we have with this | 11:15 |
| jelkner | good work with the agenda, fkoikoi. thanks | 11:16 |
| jelkner | see you tomorrow | 11:16 |
| fkoikoi | !add plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff) | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | Success: "plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff)" has been added to the agenda. | 11:16 |
| fkoikoi | okay Jeff | 11:16 |
| fkoikoi | !agenda | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | Updates from each group on what they have been doing for the past weeks(5minutes each) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | Financial Report(done by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | Updates on the task the was given by Jeff before the break (done by Freena Koikoi) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:16 |
| LittleWebster | plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:16 |
| jelkner | nice! | 11:17 |
| jelkner | fkoikoi, you will be chairing, yes? | 11:17 |
| fkoikoi | Yes | 11:17 |
| jelkner | please help move the agenda along | 11:17 |
| jelkner | i have only 30 minutes | 11:18 |
| jelkner | my brother and his wife are visiting me from Puerto Rico | 11:18 |
| fkoikoi | I did a research on the International Cooperative | 11:18 |
| jelkner | and my youngest son and his partner are visiting from California | 11:18 |
| jelkner | great! | 11:19 |
| jelkner | we need to talk about that | 11:19 |
| jelkner | what did you find out? | 11:19 |
| fkoikoi | I will give you an update through your email | 11:19 |
| jelkner | great idea! | 11:19 |
| jelkner | let's use email for that | 11:19 |
| fkoikoi | alright | 11:19 |
| jelkner | it is going to be a process | 11:19 |
| jelkner | but once we figure out how to start a business in Liberia | 11:20 |
| jelkner | we want to ask the ICA how it can join | 11:20 |
| fkoikoi | okay | 11:20 |
| jelkner | fkoikoi, do you have a final exam this weekend too? | 11:20 |
| fkoikoi | Jeff, you were talking about the last item on the agenda right? | 11:20 |
| jelkner | scooper does | 11:20 |
| fkoikoi | Yes | 11:21 |
| jelkner | then go study my friend! | 11:21 |
| jelkner | and do well | 11:21 |
| fkoikoi | alright | 11:21 |
| jelkner | see you tomorrow at 9 am my time (1 pm your time) | 11:21 |
| fkoikoi | Jeff, you were talking about the last item on the agenda right? | 11:21 |
| jelkner | +1 | 11:21 |
| fkoikoi | alright | 11:21 |
| jelkner | i only need 5 minutes | 11:22 |
| fkoikoi | !help | 11:22 |
| LittleWebster | Available commands: !add, !agenda, !help, !remove | 11:22 |
| jelkner | ACTION signs off until the meeting tomorrow | 11:22 |
| fkoikoi | ! remove plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff) | 11:22 |
| jelkner | good | 11:22 |
| jelkner | we already talked about that | 11:23 |
| fkoikoi | !agenda | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Updates from each group on what they have been doing for the past weeks(5minutes each) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Financial Report(done by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Updates on the task the was given by Jeff before the break (done by Freena Koikoi) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| jelkner | now we just need to do it | 11:23 |
| *** scooper has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 11:23 | |
| fkoikoi | !remove plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Success: "plans for the up coming school year (by Jeff)" has been removed from the agenda. | 11:23 |
| fkoikoi | !agenda | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | This is the agenda for the next meeting: | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Updates from each group on what they have been doing for the past weeks(5minutes each) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Financial Report(done by scooper) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| LittleWebster | Updates on the task the was given by Jeff before the break (done by Freena Koikoi) (added by fkoikoi) | 11:23 |
| jelkner | you got it ;-) | 11:23 |
| jelkner | okie dokie, i'm off until tomorrow... | 11:24 |
| fkoikoi | alright | 11:24 |
| jelkner | ACTION really signs off this time... | 11:24 |
| fkoikoi | have a nice day Jeff | 11:24 |
| *** jelkner has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 11:24 | |
| *** fkoikoi has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 11:24 | |
| *** sysadmin_ has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 11:33 | |
| *** tboimah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 11:33 | |
| *** tboimah_ has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 11:40 | |
| mulbah | Good morning | 12:00 |
| *** tboimah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 12:17 | |
| mulbah | Good morning Mr. Cole | 13:01 |
| mulbah | How are you doing | 13:01 |
| tboimah | Good morning Mr. cole | 13:01 |
| ubuntourist | Hey! Good morning! | 13:02 |
| ubuntourist | I'm cheery! (I got to perform in front of 60 people on Tuesday, and I'm still "high" on that experience. I'm quite nervous about performing. So, it's good to finally be breaking through that struggle.) | 13:03 |
| ubuntourist | Anything new and exciting in your lives? | 13:03 |
| tboimah | perform what? | 13:05 |
| ubuntourist | I was playing flute, mostly Irish melodies, together with a woman who plays an instrument called a hammered dulcimer. | 13:06 |
| tboimah | Ahhh okay | 13:06 |
| ubuntourist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammered_dulcimer | 13:07 |
| ubuntourist | A very brief performance. We were one of several, and only played for a total of 11 minutes. Still, it was worth it. | 13:08 |
| *** mulbah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 13:09 | |
| ubuntourist | So, How are you both doing? And do you have questions or work you would like to show off before we get started? | 13:10 |
| tboimah | I am fine but mulbah father is not fine so he will not be with us today. | 13:10 |
| ubuntourist | Sad to hear that. I hope his father's situation improves. He can catch up from you and the logs. | 13:11 |
| tboimah | okay | 13:12 |
| ubuntourist | First, going back to "script" and "scriptreplay" for just a moment: | 13:12 |
| ubuntourist | When you use them, they both have a default: Both programs assume that the text data will be written to and read from | 13:13 |
| ubuntourist | a file named "typescript". | 13:13 |
| ubuntourist | Last time, we made TWO recordings and had to rename the text file and the timing file so that "script" would not | 13:14 |
| ubuntourist | overwrite the old file with the new data. | 13:14 |
| ubuntourist | But, you can tell both programs that you want to explicitly choose a different name for the text file. | 13:15 |
| ubuntourist | So, for the future, I recommend something like: | 13:15 |
| ubuntourist | script -T timecode-2023-08-11-13-16 typescript-2023-08-11-13-16 | 13:16 |
| ubuntourist | and | 13:16 |
| ubuntourist | scriptreplay -t timecode-2023-08-11-13-16 tyoescript-2023-08-11-13-16 | 13:17 |
| ubuntourist | In the above, I added the date and time to the file names. If you remember to do that every time you need to make | 13:18 |
| ubuntourist | a recording, you can have multiple pairs of typescript* and timecode* files that won't get overwritten, | 13:19 |
| ubuntourist | and you will be able to look at the file names and say "Oh, yeah. That's the recording from Thursday at 1:16 in the afternoon." | 13:20 |
| ubuntourist | You won't need to remember to use "mv" to change the filenames. | 13:20 |
| tboimah | wow | 13:21 |
| tboimah | okay | 13:21 |
| ubuntourist | (You don't need to name the files the way that I did. Maybe you'll be preparing a special example for someone. | 13:21 |
| ubuntourist | You could name the two files mulbah-timecode and mulbah-typescript or dpkg-example-timecode and dpkg-example-typescript. | 13:23 |
| ubuntourist | Anything you want, just remember to try to name the typescript file and the timecode file in a way that both are related to | 13:24 |
| ubuntourist | each other. so that it will be obvious that they are a pair of files that need to be used together.. | 13:24 |
| ubuntourist | Personally, I like using time and date in file names, and then, after starting script, add a comment on the command line | 13:25 |
| ubuntourist | using "# " to tell me what the typescript file is intended for. | 13:26 |
| ubuntourist | But you can develop your own style. You might prefer to do the opposite: create file names that describe the file, and then put a comment | 13:27 |
| ubuntourist | at the start with the date and time in the comment instead of the file name. | 13:27 |
| ubuntourist | (I like my way better because dates and times can be standardized so that they are all in an identical format. | 13:28 |
| ubuntourist | Comments are highly variable. Sometimes a brief comment will be enough. Sometimes you will want a | 13:28 |
| ubuntourist | comment that extends over several lines.) | 13:28 |
| ubuntourist | .... Okay... enough about script and scriptreplay. | 13:29 |
| ubuntourist | Do you have any questions from last week or things that you've been exploring? | 13:29 |
| tboimah | I really want to understand chmond command | 13:30 |
| tboimah | i mean chmod | 13:30 |
| ubuntourist | Great. Let's explore that a bit. | 13:30 |
| ubuntourist | Crank up a tmate session and invite me. | 13:31 |
| *** sysadmin__ has quit (Remote host closed the connection) | 13:31 | |
| ubuntourist | ACTION needs a quick break. Will be back in a few seconds. | 13:32 |
| ubuntourist | ACTION is back | 13:34 |
| tboimah | ACTION you will need to give me few minute i just run a new OS on my machine i will need to install tmate please | 13:34 |
| ubuntourist | Ah. Okay. | 13:35 |
| ubuntourist | If you are doing that a lot, you should learn to back up your personal files like your ~/.ssh/ directory with all of your keys. | 13:36 |
| *** tboimah has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 13:37 | |
| tboimah_ | ssh JRrEMcG97GjNBCn4ATzfQ8UNd@lon1.tmate.io | 13:37 |
| tboimah_ | ACTION done | 13:37 |
| tboimah_ | Are you still there | 13:38 |
| ubuntourist | It is a pain in the ass to recreate your keys, your ~/ssh/config file, modifications to .bashrc, .profile, .bash_aliases and all your saved tiypescript files. | 13:38 |
| ubuntourist | I am still here. | 13:38 |
| ubuntourist | Joining now... | 13:38 |
| tboimah_ | done | 13:40 |
| ubuntourist | Careful here. You've created a timecode file with the date, but the typescript file is just "typescript". | 13:40 |
| ubuntourist | Look back at the example above. To override the typescript filename you have to add it to the script command. | 13:42 |
| ubuntourist | But EXIT first! | 13:42 |
| ubuntourist | Good. You should not use "script" while you're already running "script". When you're running "script" exit will stop it. (When you are NOT | 13:43 |
| ubuntourist | running script, "exit" will close the terminal window. So be carefull about that.) | 13:43 |
| tboimah_ | done | 13:44 |
| ubuntourist | The new files won't show up until you exit. And there's a small typo in the typescript file name but don't worry about that now. | 13:45 |
| ubuntourist | Let's continue: | 13:45 |
| ubuntourist | ls - l | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | Oops. "ls -l" no space | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | Good. | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | So we've talked about the first part of the line before: | 13:46 |
| ubuntourist | -rw-r--r-- 1 sysadmin sysadmin | 13:47 |
| ubuntourist | For now, we won't talk about the number 1 in the line. It's not important until much, much later and it's a complicated topic. | 13:47 |
| tboimah_ | yeah when it start with "-" is a regular file and d is a directory | 13:48 |
| tboimah_ | and l for symbolic link | 13:48 |
| ubuntourist | We're interested in "-rw-r--r--" and "sysadmin sysadmin". Those are what "chmod" relates to. | 13:48 |
| tboimah_ | Ahhh okay | 13:48 |
| ubuntourist | Excellent. | 13:48 |
| ubuntourist | Now lets do: | 13:49 |
| ubuntourist | most /etc/passwd | 13:49 |
| ubuntourist | (you might need to install most) | 13:49 |
| ubuntourist | "B" to go to the "bottom" | 13:49 |
| ubuntourist | So. See the line that starts "sysadmin"? | 13:50 |
| tboimah_ | i am seeing it | 13:50 |
| ubuntourist | That tells me that there is a user named "sysadmin" and that user has a User ID (UID) of 1000 and a Group ID (GID) of 1000. | 13:51 |
| ubuntourist | Every user had a numeric user ID and group ID. | 13:51 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 13:51 |
| ubuntourist | IDs that are less than 1000 are "special" and reserved for applications that need to behave like a "ghost" user sometimes. | 13:52 |
| ubuntourist | The ":x:" is where an encripted password used to be kept. However, this was a security problem. So, passwords were | 13:53 |
| ubuntourist | moved out of that file -- confusing, because the file name is "passwd" which makes you think "oh, this is where passwords are". | 13:54 |
| ubuntourist | But now they are in a file named "shadow". We'll look at that later, but it's not important now. | 13:54 |
| ubuntourist | Just know that the ":x:" is there for historicall reasons and other programs are looking for the user ID to appear after the second | 13:55 |
| ubuntourist | colon ":". So, when the passwords were moved, there was still a need to put something in the second "field" of the record. And "x" was chosen. | 13:56 |
| ubuntourist | The next part of the line is the "full name". On the last line, we can see that the user "tboimah" has a full name of "Thomas Boimah". | 13:57 |
| ubuntourist | The next part is the home directory: When the user longs in, they will be creating and viewing files that are in their home directory. | 13:58 |
| ubuntourist | They cannot create files in other directrories. For example, tboimah cannot create files in /home/sysadmin, and sysadmin | 13:59 |
| ubuntourist | cannot create files in /home/tboimah. | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | sysadmin is the "owner" of /home/sysadmin and all the files and subdirectories within /home/sysadmin. | 14:00 |
| ubuntourist | Okay so far? | 14:00 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 14:02 |
| ubuntourist | (Oh, it's a minor thing, but the ",,,," are fields that can be used for additional information about a user -- like a room number, phone number, etc. | 14:02 |
| ubuntourist | We usually leave those empty. | 14:03 |
| ubuntourist | And finally, the last part of the line. This is the program that should be started immediatly after logging in. | 14:03 |
| ubuntourist | For all "normal users" this will usually be the Bash shell (/bin/bash). | 14:04 |
| ubuntourist | For users that aren't real but are programs, the startup program is "/bin/false" or "/bin/nologin" usually. | 14:05 |
| ubuntourist | So, even if you had a password for the "ghost" user named "geoclue", when you try to login, it will start a program called "nologin" | 14:06 |
| ubuntourist | which will log you out again. | 14:06 |
| ubuntourist | for chmod, the important parts of these lines are the username at the start, the UID and GID, and the home directory. | 14:07 |
| ubuntourist | So, sysadmin, 1000, 1000 and /home/sysadmin | 14:07 |
| ubuntourist | "q" to quit. | 14:08 |
| ubuntourist | most /etc/group | 14:08 |
| tboimah_ | dome | 14:09 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:09 |
| ubuntourist | This lists the group names, group ID (GID) and the members of a group. | 14:09 |
| ubuntourist | See the group "scanner"? | 14:10 |
| tboimah_ | i am seeing it | 14:10 |
| ubuntourist | scanner is a group with two members: saned (which is one of those pseudo- ghost users. Not really a user, but an application program. | 14:11 |
| ubuntourist | The other member of the group is a real user: sysadmin. | 14:11 |
| ubuntourist | If there is no user listed at the end of the line -- for example the "sysadmin" group line, the only member of the group is | 14:12 |
| ubuntourist | the user in the /etc/passwd file that has the same GID. Remember in /etc/passwd. | 14:13 |
| ubuntourist | the gid for "sysadmin" is 1000, and here we see that the group named "sysadmin" has a gid of 1000. | 14:13 |
| ubuntourist | So, the user "sysadmin" is in the groups "sysadmin" and "scanner" (and "bluetooth", and "lpadmin") | 14:14 |
| ubuntourist | A user can belong to multiple groups, and groups can have more than one user. | 14:15 |
| ubuntourist | Still okay? | 14:15 |
| tboimah_ | hmm okay | 14:15 |
| ubuntourist | Back to the "ls -l" for a quick minute: | 14:16 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:17 |
| ubuntourist | -rw-r--r-- should be separated in your mind as "-". "rw-", "r--", "r--" | 14:17 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 14:17 |
| ubuntourist | We already know what the first character "-" (or "d", or "l" or a few you haven't seeen yet) is for. | 14:18 |
| ubuntourist | The next three letters describe what an OWNER can do with the file. (Directories and symbolic links are a little different. | 14:19 |
| ubuntourist | for now, let's just worry about the file named "typescirpt-2023-08-07-13-00" -- a regular file, not a link or a directory. | 14:20 |
| ubuntourist | The OWNER has permission to read ("r") and write ("w") the file, but cannot "execute" ("x") the file. | 14:21 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l /iusr/bin | most | 14:21 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:21 |
| ubuntourist | Oops. My typo. "q" to quit and | 14:22 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l /usr/bin | most | 14:22 |
| ubuntourist | (no "i") | 14:22 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:22 |
| ubuntourist | See how almost all of these files have "x"? "rwx" or "r-x"? | 14:22 |
| ubuntourist | That means these are "executable". When you type the filename at the command prompt, Bash will attempt to | 14:23 |
| ubuntourist | use the file as a program. Type | 14:23 |
| ubuntourist | "/most" (without quotes) | 14:24 |
| ubuntourist | You just searched the output for a filenamed "most". It is the top line showing on the screen. | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | When you installed the package "most" the apt program put the program named "most" into /usr/bin, and set the | 14:25 |
| ubuntourist | permission with chmod so that the owner ("root") can read the file, write to the file -- which includes removing the file, or renaming the file, as well as overwriting or adding to the file, | 14:27 |
| ubuntourist | and can execute the file as a command program at the command line. | 14:27 |
| ubuntourist | Members of the group "root" who are NOT owners, can only read the file and execute the file. | 14:27 |
| ubuntourist | Users who are NOT the owner and NOT in the group -- everyone else, including "sysadmin" and "tboimah" have the | 14:28 |
| ubuntourist | same permissions: They can read the file and they can execute it, but they are not allowd to change it, rename it, delete it, etc. | 14:29 |
| ubuntourist | (And they do not have permission to use "chmod" to change the permissions.) | 14:29 |
| ubuntourist | One more "ls" and we'll do finally start playing wiith chmod. | 14:30 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l ~/.ssh/ | 14:30 |
| ubuntourist | The "authoriszed_keys" file is VERY secure: The owner can read and write it, but no one else can see it, touch it, change it, or anything else. | 14:31 |
| ubuntourist | "---" means NO permissions. | 14:32 |
| ubuntourist | Okay, now ssh to mcss. I want to be on a computer that has several normal users... | 14:32 |
| ubuntourist | (And if you have the space on your screen, please make the terminal window wider again.) | 14:33 |
| ubuntourist | ls /home | 14:34 |
| ubuntourist | You can see there are several users: Me (kjcole), Jeff (jelkner), Mulbah who somehow ended up with two accounts (mulbah and mkolleh) | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | and others. | 14:35 |
| ubuntourist | ls -l | 14:36 |
| ubuntourist | OK. So, we have these two files that everyone can read. Let's change that with chmod. | 14:36 |
| tboimah_ | chmod to what? | 14:38 |
| ubuntourist | Actually, let's not screw with those files. Use "nano" or "vim" to make a new file. Give it whatever name you want and put some text in it. | 14:38 |
| ubuntourist | We'll use "chmod" on the file you create, instead of the files that are already there. | 14:38 |
| ubuntourist | Great. And save it with Ctrl-X when you're ready. | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | "Y" | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | and then give it a filename. | 14:39 |
| ubuntourist | make it chmod.txt | 14:40 |
| ubuntourist | So, the permissions say that anyone can read it. | 14:40 |
| ubuntourist | But only you can write to it. | 14:41 |
| ubuntourist | Let's start by making it more open so that everyone can write to it: | 14:41 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 14:41 |
| ubuntourist | chmod go+w chmod.txt | 14:42 |
| ubuntourist | the "G" and "O" mean "Group" and "Others" | 14:43 |
| ubuntourist | the "+" says we are adding a permission | 14:43 |
| ubuntourist | the "W" says "the permission to be added is the write permission" | 14:43 |
| ubuntourist | Hold for a second while I do something... | 14:44 |
| ubuntourist | Now, | 14:45 |
| ubuntourist | most chmod.txt | 14:45 |
| tboimah_ | wow! | 14:46 |
| ubuntourist | I cannot change 'typescript" or "timecodes" in your directory. I do not have permission. | 14:46 |
| ubuntourist | (DON'T give me permission. Those are built by script. and you don't want people to mess them up by editing them.) | 14:47 |
| ubuntourist | "q" to quit. | 14:47 |
| ubuntourist | Now, lets take permission AWAY from most people | 14:47 |
| ubuntourist | chmod go-rwx chmod.txt | 14:48 |
| ubuntourist | Now I cannot even see that the file exists when I am logged in on my account. | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | you have removed read, write and execute for all members of the group tboimah and all other users. | 14:49 |
| ubuntourist | The only person who has permission to mess with the file is the owner "tboimah". | 14:50 |
| ubuntourist | Maybe you want to protect the file from yourself so that you cannot accidentally change itt. | 14:50 |
| ubuntourist | You are "u" 😏 | 14:51 |
| ubuntourist | chmod u-w chmod.txt | 14:51 |
| ubuntourist | Now, try to edit the file. | 14:52 |
| tboimah_ | it is on writable | 14:53 |
| ubuntourist | Yup. You've prevented yourself from changiing it. | 14:53 |
| ubuntourist | See if you can fix that on your own, using what we've learned so far. | 14:53 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:54 |
| ubuntourist | (You can add a note to the file saying what you've just accoomplished, or whatever.. And then save and exit the file again. | 14:55 |
| ubuntourist | chmod means "change permission modes" | 14:57 |
| tboimah_ | done | 14:57 |
| ubuntourist | Sometimes people will say "chmod tie file" but sometome people will say "change the file mode". everyone | 14:58 |
| ubuntourist | understands that "change the file mode" means "change the file permission mode". | 14:58 |
| tboimah_ | +1 | 14:59 |
| ubuntourist | OK, one more quick example. I'm going to "drive" for a minute. So just watch. | 14:59 |
| ubuntourist | OK, I've created a tiny Bash script that is supposed to change to a different directory. list the files and examine one of them. | 15:01 |
| ubuntourist | Type: | 15:02 |
| ubuntourist | ./do_something.sh | 15:02 |
| ubuntourist | (Don't forget the period at the start.) | 15:02 |
| ubuntourist | Not "ls ." just "." | 15:02 |
| ubuntourist | No | 15:03 |
| ubuntourist | no | 15:03 |
| ubuntourist | Just "." | 15:03 |
| ubuntourist | ./do_something.sh -- no most, no nano, no nothing. Just "./do_something.sh" | 15:04 |
| ubuntourist | Yes. | 15:04 |
| tboimah_ | permission denial | 15:05 |
| tboimah_ | denied | 15:05 |
| ubuntourist | OK. It's telling you that it cannot execute the file. It cannot use it as a command. See if you can fix that with chmod. Only the user "tboimah" should get permission to execute. Not group or others. | 15:06 |
| ubuntourist | yes so far. | 15:07 |
| ubuntourist | good | 15:07 |
| ubuntourist | It changed color! (you want "ls -l" not "ls .l") | 15:08 |
| ubuntourist | No need to CD | 15:08 |
| ubuntourist | See the change in permission and the color change? | 15:09 |
| *** mulbah has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 15:09 | |
| tboimah_ | i can now execute the file | 15:09 |
| ubuntourist | This means the operating system now recognizes that you think this is a program that can be executed. | 15:09 |
| ubuntourist | Type "history" | 15:10 |
| ubuntourist | and look near the bottom to se what the command you typed to execute was. | 15:10 |
| ubuntourist | and do that. | 15:11 |
| ubuntourist | ("q" to quit when you're ready, because we are running the output through most) | 15:12 |
| tboimah_ | done | 15:12 |
| ubuntourist | Run it again (up-arrow) but only type one "q" wait and then type a second "q" | 15:12 |
| ubuntourist | OK "q" again. | 15:13 |
| ubuntourist | most do_something.sh | 15:13 |
| tboimah_ | done | 15:14 |
| ubuntourist | So. the first line is a special line that says "interpret everything below as something that the Bash shell (/bin/bash) wiill understand. | 15:14 |
| ubuntourist | People call lines that start with #!" a special kind of comment called a "shabang" ("sh" for "shell" and somethimes, | 15:15 |
| *** sysadmin__ has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 15:16 | |
| ubuntourist | the exclamation point is called "bang" because on old television comedies a fake gun would pop out a flag that said "BANG!" | 15:17 |
| ubuntourist | so "sha-bang" | 15:17 |
| ubuntourist | The next two lines are just normal comments and are ignored. | 15:17 |
| ubuntourist | The next three lines are just commands that you could type by yourself. | 15:18 |
| ubuntourist | Because of the shabang at the top and the setting of the "x" permission, Bash now knows this is an executable program. | 15:19 |
| tboimah_ | Ahhh okay | 15:19 |
| ubuntourist | These types of programs are usually called "shell scripts". | 15:19 |
| ubuntourist | I think that's a lot for today. So, q, then exit to quit ssh and get back to your computer, and then exit again to close the typescript and timecode files. | 15:21 |
| tboimah_ | done | 15:21 |
| ubuntourist | I think there was a small error in your typesciipt file name for today... | 15:22 |
| ubuntourist | You may want to use "mv" to fix that. | 15:22 |
| ubuntourist | Use the tab to save time typing | 15:23 |
| ubuntourist | This is why tab is useful. | 15:25 |
| ubuntourist | Try again with tab helping you out. | 15:26 |
| ubuntourist | TAB | 15:27 |
| tboimah_ | done | 15:28 |
| ubuntourist | And later, if you want to show mulbah or someone else you can play back with | 15:28 |
| tboimah_ | okay thanks for today | 15:29 |
| ubuntourist | scriptreplay -t timecode-2023.08.10 typescript-2023.08.10 | 15:29 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 15:29 |
| ubuntourist | Just remember -- playback will be s-l-o-o-o-w because there are lots of times when we were talking or you were thinking about | 15:30 |
| tboimah_ | ACTION to the bathroom | 15:30 |
| ubuntourist | what to type. So, the script will pause during those times that we were talking or you were thinking. | 15:31 |
| tboimah_ | ACTION back | 15:33 |
| ubuntourist | Lots to learn and digest and remember today. Good job. (I reccommend keeping a file with notes in your own words | 15:34 |
| ubuntourist | about what you've learned. It is good to eplain things to yourself and others. It becomes good practice | 15:35 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 15:35 |
| ubuntourist | for remembering to ALWAYS document your work. And you will develop your own style of writing. | 15:35 |
| ubuntourist | When I read instructions that are written by other people, I sometimes find it hard to remember or understand. | 15:36 |
| ubuntourist | By rewriting it for myself, it clarifies my thinking and just by typing it in, it reinforces and solidifies the concepts in my head. | 15:37 |
| ubuntourist | Anyway, that's it for today. Great job, and make sure to explain to Mulbah in case he has trouble following this. | 15:37 |
| tboimah_ | okay | 15:38 |
| ubuntourist | (Remember, he didn't see most of what you typed. But you can send him the typescript and timecode files or play them for him.) | 15:38 |
| ubuntourist | Bye foir today! | 15:38 |
| tboimah_ | okay I will do that thanks | 15:38 |
| *** ubuntourist has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 15:39 | |
| *** tboimah_ has quit (Quit: Leaving) | 15:39 | |
| *** sysadmin_ has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 15:41 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Remote host closed the connection) | 18:33 | |
| *** shmohamud has quit (Ping timeout: 480 seconds) | 20:42 | |
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